New technologies for precision viticulture
The general objective of the research and innovation project is to test the suitability of innovative proximal and remote sensing technologies to define homogeneous viticultural zones (HZs). The specific sub-objectives can be summarized as follows: (a) testing innovative technologies and methods for precision viticulture (PV); (b) testing the innovation transferability by means of demonstrative actions at private wine-grape companies based in Campania; (c) evaluation of the potential environmental and economic benefits of the innovation action.
The goal of the PRECIVIT Project was to analyze and map the variability of soils and other components of the vineyard using new techniques, following the principles of modern "precision viticulture." The Landscape Units Map allows extending the results obtained in the study of individual vineyards to vineyards located in similar Landscape Units. In light of the results achieved, it can be stated that the PreCiVit Project has achieved one of its main objectives: developing and making operational methods of precision viticulture that can be easily transferred to wineries, adaptable to the specific structural needs and economic availability of these wineries over time.
Project goals:
- Characterization and cartography of the viticultural landscape of the DOCG growing areas
- Selection of vineyards representative of the landscape
- Definition of the HZs at a vineyard-scale by integrating techniques of drone remote sensing, proximal sensing vis-NIR spectroscopy, geostatistics and data fusion
- Study of soil profiles
- Analysis of the physiological and productive vine response to the specific attributes of the HZs
- Selective harvesting (SH) and winemaking
- Analysis of the environmental and economic benefits of the SH
- Transferability of the innovation to regional wine companies
- Organization of the results obtained in a geodatabase
- Results dissemination
In the Campania region the viticulture has historically played a primary role due to the particularity of the productions as an expression of physical and cultural environment that allowed several Controlled Designation of Origin (DOC) and some Controlled and Guaranteed Designation of Origin (DOCG ) areas. The characteristics of wines of these areas are influenced by the variability of the physical environment (terroir effect), the soil type, the morphology and the micro-and meso-climate associated with it. This variability is also found within the individual vineyards, determining the conditions of growth and the differentiated development of the plants and the lack of homogeneity in the crop and quality of the grapes. Hence the need to adapt the agrotechnical management of the vineyard to the specificity of the site and / or to differentiate the harvest ("selective harvest") according to this specificity ("PRECISION VITICULTURE", PV or "site-specific").
The purchase of the PV, once limited by the costs necessary to acquire a large number of information regarding the different "layers" of the vineyard (soils, morphology, vegetative vigor, ..), is now facilitated by the availability of new technologies, which included rapid and inexpensive acquisitions of those information.
Validation of innovative techniques of PROXIMAL and REMOTE SENSING for the delimitation of homogeneous areas of production (ZOP) for wine.
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